5 Essential Tips for a KILLER LinkedIn Summary

5 Essential Tips for a KILLER LinkedIn Summary A significant number of you may have heard that LinkedIn profiles are going to experience another facelift. Gossip among vocation experts has is that the new profile will feature the Summary area in another manner making it more significant than any other time in recent memory to have a convincing Summary to offer your perusers. One of the most mainstream benefits The Essay Expert offers is composing the LinkedIn Profile Summary. We love talking with individuals and composing duplicate for them; however you can likewise do it without anyone else's help on the off chance that you are a decent author and know the message you need to get over. On the off chance that you are a do-it-yourselfer, a few hints for composing an extraordinary LinkedIn Summary may prove to be useful! Indeed, you’re in karma. CareerCast distributed one of my articles that gives five hints to a KILLER LinkedIn Summary; and in spite of the fact that I made a deal to avoid posting the whole article on my own blog, I needed to impart the connection to you. Here it is! 5 Essential Tips for a KILLER LinkedIn Summary As a review, the tips are: Never leave the Summary area clear! Utilize every one of the 2,000 characters. Recount stories. Split it up (graphically). Incorporate your contact data [NOTE: I no longer propose doing this except if you have space to save, since the Contact Information area has as of late been made more prominent.] I will probably compose a continuation of this article soon, so please investigate the first and remain tuned for increasingly valuable exhortation! For tests of The Essay Expert’s LinkedIn Summary proclamations, see our LinkedIn Profile Samples. Furthermore, on the off chance that you are searching for an expert LinkedIn Profile Writing administration, it would be ideal if you visit our LinkedIn Profile Writing page to get familiar with our administrations and rates. Do you have more thoughts regarding how to compose a KILLER LinkedIn Summary? If it's not too much trouble share below†¦ you may even get cited in my next article!

The Australian Financial Review Essay

Presentation This task plans to introduce in an unmistakable and succinct way our perspective towards compensation revelation, considering steps to improve this matter of conflict is taken deliberately by the sheets as of late expressed by The Australian Financial Review. Area I clarifies our manner about revisions done concerning unveiling compensations. Money related bookkeeping guideline hypotheses used, alongside distributed printed data arrived at our decision which proposes official compensation reports disentanglement is significant to investors comprehension of compensation layout. Area II takes up intentional compensation revelation and its reasonable outcomes applying IASB Conceptual Framework of subjective attributes. Explanatory reasoning and worry lead us to presume that an expansion in interest over the issue results to a vastly improved cognizance from the investors. Segment III sensibly examinations the contention about offer based installment costing the organization anything or not. Upon basic assessment of distributed perspectives, including our reasonable and sound judgment, the procedure itself of giving offer alternatives devours assets, implying that, it tumbles down as a consumption. The inspiration to improve compensation revelation Writing Review A furious discussion is seething about the authenticity of official compensation rises. The proof is blended about how proficient compensation revelation has been, yet what is clear is that the duty to guarantee it is fitting lives with the sheets, and that there is a requirement for more prominent investor support (Fels, 2010). The Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) have called for organizations to give greater clearness on compensation courses of action for their chiefs and administrators (Gibson, 2013). As a test, we will talk about and break down the inspirations to improve compensation divulgence. Coming up next are the reasons why there is a need to improve exposure of official compensation: * Assessing the 'efficiency’ of official compensation is thusly tricky. Numerous exhibition pointers utilized by organizations are not freely unveiled and hazard inclinations shift across organizations and people (Fels, A. 2010). * There has been a boundless obse rvation that officials have been compensated for disappointment or good karma †accepting awards for ascends in the offer market value that had little to do with their commitment to organization execution, and a lot to do with what was occurring in worldwide financial exchanges and resource valuations (Fels, A. 2010). * Boards intentionally finding a way to improve compensation revelation by adding salary tables to yearly reports are out in front of the game as requests for expanded divulgence endure (Weggins, J. 2012). * Corporations and Market Advisory Committee (CAMAC) survey the exposure of official compensation reports and the report incorporate giving progressively important data to investors, smoothing out compensation reports and divulgence of all end installments for administrators (Disclosure on Aust Exec's Pay Need To Be Simplified: Report, 2011). * Boards are making up for extra cuts by blowing up base compensation and long haul motivating forces. As offer costs and profit decrease, top managerial staff continue changing the blend of money, rewards and momentary motivators. Long haul motivating forces presently represent a more prominent level of absolute compensation than they have in earlier years (Smith, M. 2012). * The craving to follow lawful and proficient prerequisites. There could be benefits for the organization in seeming to act capably by their representatives and this could be regarded to be a higher priority than recognizing other social duties of the organization (Deegan, 2002). * An endeavor to be a responsible or mindful organization by detailing data intentionally. Administrators are probably going to consider that partners reserve an option to certain data, and that they ought to satisfy that qualification in spite of the related expenses (Donaldson and Preston, 1995). Examination This paper gives a review of the present discussion and the speculations that endeavor to clarify official compensation revelation. Consideration is given to basic bookkeeping hypotheses, for example, Positive Accounting Theory, Normative Accounting Theory, Stakeholder Theory, Legitimacy Theory, Institutional Theory, Public Interest Theory, Capture Theory and Economic Interest Group Theory. We will currently break down inspirations to improve compensation exposure utilizing the hypotheses of budgetary bookkeeping. Bookkeeping speculations ordinarily either clarify or foresee bookkeeping practice or they specify unambiguous bookkeeping practice. Positive Accounting Theory (PAT) plans to make great expectations of genuine world occasions and convert them to bookkeeping exchanges. Its general target is to comprehend and foresee the decision of bookkeeping approaches across clashing firms. It perceives that monetary outcomes exist. According to PAT, in light of the fact that there is a s hould be effective, the firm will need to limit costs related with the exhibition markers utilized by the firm. PAT uses theories around which its expectations are sorted out. One of the most used theories is the reward plan speculations. Organizations with extra plans pick bookkeeping methodology that adjust announced profit from future periods to current period. In doing as such, the organization can expand their rewards for the present time frame. There was a need to improve pay reports to administrators. The report's present length and unpredictability can make it mind boggling for investors to comprehend and tedious on organizations to plan. It is significant that compensation report is straightforward. It is imperative for the investors to have all the data they should have the option to consider organization chiefs responsible (Disclosure on Aust Exec's Pay Need To Be Simplified: Report, 2011). Improving compensation report applies a Positive Accounting Theory wherein it clarifies what data the organization will utilize and won't use for the investors. Partner hypothesis alludes to the worries of partner force, and how the force impacts their capacity to convince the organization into consenting to the stakeholder’s requests. Partner power is seen as a component of the stakeholders’ level of command over assets required by the organization and how basic these assets are to the unwavering practicality of the organization. (Willful Employee Disclosures in Australian Annual Reports Applying Ullmann’s Stakeholder Theory, 2011) Legitimacy Theory looks to guarantee that the organization works inside their principles, limits and standards. Organization should endeavor to guarantee that their exercises are seen to be genuine. Prizes given to the officials for disappointment or good karma demonstrates that they work past the organization's standards. This annex to the required enhancements for compensation revelation. In the event that compensation is unveiled appropriately to the general population, such incorrect exchanges will be maintained a strategic distance from. Organizations reveal genuine salary for key administration, regardless of whether the compensation was allowed in the present or past money related year (Weggins, J. 2012). Numerous organizations have begun giving the open how much cash their administrators are bringing home. Open Interest Theory supplies guidelines that react to the interest of people in general to address wasteful and biased market rehearses. By uncovering real salary enables the organizations to counter guarantee that administrators are overpaid. The potential results of willful compensation divulgence Literature Review In the consequence of the worldwide monetary emergency (GFC), open intrigue guaranteed spotlight being tossed on the compensation of the senior officials and its guidelines (Morrow M. and Limnalong B., 2011). Compensation exposure has been dynamically fortified in Australia in the course of the last quarter of a century. Prior to 1986, the main prerequisite for exposure of compensation was the joined complete degree of aggregate compensation help to all officials of a recorded organization (Fels, A., 2010). As inspirations to improve compensation exposure are introduced on the past conversation, we are presently taking a gander at the outcomes of deliberate compensation divulgence and examine the present practices: * Many Directors hold more than one directorship over a scope of freely recorded, private and not-revenue driven associations (Fels, 2010). * There is additionally a chance of entrenchment of officeholder chiefs. It is hard for investors to work out whether an individual chief is failing to meet expectations all things considered. Later we will likewise perceive how the present practices help address this issue (Fels, 2010). * Another outcome of deliberate compensation exposure is to have a ‘clubbish’ practice among the board. A clubbish practice happens when sheets pronounce that the most extreme number of chiefs is the quantity of executives by and by on the board when investors select an up-and-comer (Fels, 2010). * Recent compensation changes which initiated on July first, 2011, were coordinated to improve investor trust, along these lines allowing the board to surrender with the pay procedure and be considered liable for methodology and struct ure (Morrow and Limnalong, 2011). * Productivity Commission proposed a two strike rule planned to reinforce the non-restricting investor vote, allowing investors the chance to cast votes against a company’s executive under exceptional conditions in an Annual General Meeting (Morrow and Limnalong, 2011). * The new law, furthermore, was especially organized to permit investors to have more state over the compensation of senior administrators and furthermore with the goal that the sheets are better educated on compensation dispersal that may bring about an investor making a negative choice (Morrow and Limnalong, 2011). * The utilization of compensation experts as a prerequisite by the new correction charges a potential irreconcilable situation wherein their reality gives guidance to sheets on

Long weekend

Long weekend So this weekend was a long weekend, in honor of Columbus Day and also in honor of student exhaustion, and therefore I would like to write a paean to the MIT long weekend. The abundance of long weekends is one of my favorite things about the MIT schedule we have approximately one three-day weekend per month during term, and sometimes a four-day weekend. This semester, we started school on September 7, have days off on September 19, October 10, October 11, November 11, and November 24/25 (Thanksgiving). The calendar, I think, reflects the fact that MIT students really go for delayed gratification; its easier to work work work for a few difficult weeks in a row when you know theres a break coming up, no matter how small. And let me tell you what, this weekend was just what I needed to recharge my metaphorical batteries. So far this weekend, I have slept for 30.5 hours (and will probably sleep at least 10 tonight), cheered at a (VERY RAINY) football game, watched a (VERY ROWDY!) game of Beirut, worked on graduate school applications, gone out to dinner at CPK, gone grocery shopping, allowed my boyfriend to dye my hair (scary!), watched pro football, called my mom, entertained Adams parents, argued about ethics with my friend Mark 07, done homework, and generally lazed around in a hooded sweatshirt and enjoyed life. Hooray for laziness! A note about the last entry. Many people noted that my boyfriend is not actually a very good case for an entry with the title How to do everything wrong, since he actually didnt do that much wrong. This is true. I will defend myself by saying the following: 1. The title is an allusion to the entry I wrote about myself, and I actually did do quite a bit wrong in my MIT application (didnt interview, didnt take the most challenging courseload available to me, didnt take any science APs, had a lower SAT math than SAT verbal, wasnt ranked first in my class). 2. While Adam wasnt quite as lame as I was, he still didnt have the things a lot of people consider essential for a successful MIT application the kids SATII writing was a 450! Im just out to dispel the notion that you need a set of perfect test scores and grades to get into this joint. :) Long Weekend ouch, my last CPW!

Definition and Examples of Media in Communications

In the communication process, a medium is a channel or system of communication—the means by which  information (the message) is transmitted  between a speaker or writer (the sender) and an audience (the receiver). The plural form is  media, and the term is also known as a channel. The medium used to send a message may range from an individuals voice, writing, clothing, and body language to forms of mass communication such as newspapers, television, and the internet. Communication Media Changes Over Time Before the printing press, mass communication didnt exist, as books were handwritten and literacy wasnt widespread throughout all social classes. The invention of moveable type was a major communication innovation for the world. Author Paula S. Tompkins sums up the history of communication and change thusly: When a communication medium changes, our practices  and  experiences of communication also change. The technology of writing liberated human communication from the medium of face-to-face (f2f) interaction. This  change affected both the process and  experience of communication, as persons no longer needed to be physically present to communicate with one another. The technology of the printing press further promoted the medium of writing by  mechanizing the creation and distribution of the written word. This began the new communication form of mass communication in pamphlets, newspapers, and cheap books, in contrast to the medium of handwritten documents and books.  Most recently, the medium of digital technology  is again changing the process and experience of human communication. – Practicing Communication Ethics: Development, Discernment, and Decision-Making. Routledge, 2016 Information Inundation Television mass media used to distill the news into a nightly news hour. With the advent of 24-hour news channels on cable, people could check in hourly or at any point in the hour to find out the latest news. Now, with social media platforms and the ubiquitous smartphones in our pockets, people can check news and happenings—or be alerted of them—constantly throughout the day. This puts a lot more news up front just because its the most recent. News outlets and channels looking for peoples eyeballs on their content (and their advertisers) have a lot of pressure to keep those updates coming to peoples feeds. The outrageous, shocking, and easily digestible gets shared more widely than something thats complex and nuanced. Something short gets read more widely than something long. Authors James W. Chesebro and Dale A. Bertelsen noted how modern messaging seems a lot more like marketing than discourse, and their observation has only been amplified with the advent of social media: [A] significant shift in the nature of communication has been reported for several decades. Increasingly, it has been noted that a shift from a content orientation—with its emphasis on the ideational or substantive dimension of  discourse—to a concern for form or  medium—with an emphasis on image, strategy, and patterns of discourse—has been identified as a central feature of the information age. – Analyzing Media: Communication Technologies as Symbolic and Cognitive Systems. Guilford Press, 1996 Medium vs. Message If the medium through which information is delivered affects what people get out of it, that could have big implications for today. As people move away from the in-depth coverage of an issue they can receive in print media to getting more information from social media, they consume increasing amounts of their information in soundbites, shared snippets of news that may be slanted, inaccurate, or completely fake. In the modern age of people will remember it if you repeat it often enough—it doesnt matter if its true, it takes deeper dives into the information by message receivers to find the real story and any hidden motives behind the headlines. If the medium doesnt equate with the message, its still true that different formats carry different versions of the same story, such as the depth of information or its emphasis.

2018 Hurricane Names

2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 Below you will find the listing of hurricane names for the Atlantic Ocean for the year 2018. For every year, there is a pre-approved list of tropical storm and hurricane names. These lists have been generated by the National Hurricane Center since 1953. At first, the lists consisted of only female names; however, since 1979, the lists alternate between male and female. Hurricanes are named alphabetically from the list in chronological order. Thus the first tropical storm or hurricane of the year has a name that begins with A and the second is given the name that begins with B. The lists contain hurricane names that begin from A to W, but exclude names that begin with a Q or U. There are six lists that continue to rotate. The lists only change when there is a hurricane that is so devastating, the name is retired and another hurricane name replaces it. The 2018 hurricane name list is almost the same as the 2012 hurricane name list.  Hurricane Sandy was a large and destructive storm in 2012 so the name was retired from the list and Sara took its place. 2018 Hurricane Names AlbertoBerylChrisDebbyErnestoFlorenceGordonHeleneIsaacJoyceKirkLeslieMichaelNadineOscarPattyRafaelSaraTonyValerieWilliam

Describe How DNA Has Enhanced Law Enforcement Free Essays

DNA has emerged as a remarkable crime fighting tool. DNA has the potential to be the best crime solving tool of the 21st century. DNA has been very critical in solving some of the nations most serious crimes. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe How DNA Has Enhanced Law Enforcement or any similar topic only for you Order Now DNA analysis is a very powerful tool, because each persons DNA is unique in most cases. DNA evidence collected from a crime scene can implicate or eliminate a suspect. It can also analyze unidentified remains through comparisons with DNA from someone’s relative. Previously, unsolvable cases, more often homicides and sexual assaults, can contain DNA evidence that will help identify the criminal, even though the victim can’t. When evidence from one crime scene is compared through the federal DNA database with evidence from another crime scene those crimes can be linked to the same person locally, statewide, and nationally. Also, plants and animals hold DNA, as well. Newer DNA analysis techniques can yield results from biological evidence that’s invisible to an officer. DNA analysis methods also can be able to help in the identification of missing persons. DNA can be obtained from severely degraded samples, as well. This has enhanced law enforcement tremendously. Without DNA evidence, most people would never be convicted (DNAs Link to Corrections, n. . ). DNA will continue to advance. Some anticipated advances are broader implementation of the CODIS database, increased automated lab procedures, use of computerized analysis, portable devices capable of DNA analysis and remote links to databases and other criminal justice information services (DNA Evidence,n. d. ). Reference DNA Evidence: What Law Enforcement Should Know. (n. d. ). Retrieved November 12, 2012 From: http://www. ncjrs. gov/pdffiles/jr000249c. pdj. DNA’s Link to Corretcions. (n. d. ). Retrieved November 12, 2012 from: http://www. crimescene- Investigations. net/NIJ-DNALinkCorretcion. pdf. How to cite Describe How DNA Has Enhanced Law Enforcement, Essays

Introduction to Marketing and Purchasing

Question: Discuss about the Introduction to Marketing and Purchasing. Answer: Background information: Proper understanding of the purchasing decision of the customers is extremely important in order to achieve all the aims and goals of the businesses. The study will focus on one of the most popular sports equipment providers namely Nike. The focus organization is an American multinational organization that develops, design, manufacture and market apparel, footwear and other accessories for sustaining its position in the market. The revenue level of Nike was estimated around $31 billion in 2015, which make them one of the biggest names in the sector (nike.com 2017). However, Nike have to face extreme competition from different other global organizations like Adidas, Puma and Reebok for maintaining the profit at the desired level. As a result, it would provide lot of alternative opportunities for the customers at the time of taking purchasing decision regarding sports equipments. Now, in order to evaluate the purchasing decision of the customers, the study has selected two respondents namely James and Adams. Both the respondents have recently purchased sports equipment from the Nike. Now, Adams is 21 years old Sydney based college student whereas James is 35 years old Melbourne based working personnel. The study would try to highlight the factors that have influenced these selected respondents from different age and geographical region to purchase products of Nike. The study would focus on assessing whether the purchasing decisions are made from habit or it was an extreme low involvement decision. It would help Nike to make certain necessary adjustments to keep the sales volume at the desired level. Description of the purchase decision-making process: According to Powers et al. (2012), purchase decision-making process of the customers focuses on systematic identification of factors. Here, Adams has mentioned that he participated in college and other sports activities on regular basis. For that reason, Adams often has to purchase sports equipments to fulfil the requirements. It has influenced Adams to evaluate and compare all alternative products at the time of purchasing a product. For instance, Adams looks to identify the problem associated with the sports activity requirements to assess the exact type of product it requires. Thereafter, purchasing decision of Adams tries to identify best possible products available in the market for fulfilling the needs. After identification of all the available substitute products, Adams has tried to identify the cost and benefits of the products. In case of benefits, Adams has focused on collecting feedback from friends and others regarding the kind of benefits one can avail by purchasing spec ific brands. Adams also has tried to analyze the available ways for purchasing any specific branded sporting equipment. It highlights the fact that Adams is not really biased or habituated of any particular brand. In fact, it has tried to evaluate all possible aspects related to sports equipments in order to conclude. Thus, Adams has utilized a high involvement purchasing decision for fulfilling all the needs. On the contrary, James has expressed his loyalty towards all the products of Nike, as he is using same brand from childhood. Therefore, James has tried to identify the best available sports equipments offered by Nike. James has also mentioned that he has not considered of assessing other branded products available in the market, as he would never look to switch to any other sports equipment manufacturing brands. James has mentioned that all the purchased products of Nike have fulfilled all the expectations until now. For that reason, he did not find any good reason to switch brand. James has highlighted busy work schedule that provides very little opportunity to remain active in sports field. For that reason, James very rarely purchased any sporting apparel and accessories. As a result, it has diverted the attention of James from analyzing any other brands for fulfilling the needs (Jang, Prasad and Ratchford 2012). James has recently purchased sporting equipments, as his personal doc tor has mentioned to exercise at morning on regular basis. Thus, it can be assessed that purchasing decision of James has occurred more of habit, as he shown no interest in judging the quality of other branded products. Discussion and comparison with academic literature: As per the article by Hudson and Thal (2013), the purchase is decision-making process utilized by the customers regarding market transactions during, before and after the purchase of a particular product or service. Decision-making is a psychological construct that make people to behave in a certain way. Many studies have highlighted five steps including need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision and post purchase behaviour for purchase decision-making process. It has been assessed that performing all these mentioned steps is the traditional way to purchase best available products from the market. Now, the above interview has highlighted the fact that Adams has followed conventional purchasing process for completing the task. On the contrary, James had not followed the conventional five-step approach at the time of taking purchasing decision. Now, Kuvykaite, Dovaliene and Navickiene (2015) have mentioned that it is necessary for the customers to utilize all the five steps for selecting best available product or service for satisfying the needs. It allows customers to understand the kind of cost and benefit a particular product will provide for fulfilling the customers needs. For that reason, it can be mentioned that Adams is more likely to fulfil all the needs in an effective manner. On the other hand, there is higher probability that James might not able to fulfil all the requirements with the implemented purchased decision. Karimi (2013) have emphasizes on the fact that teenagers are more likely to evaluate all the available products at the time of purchasing any products due to lack of financial supports. On the other hand, people around 35 to 40 years are likely to have greater income, which can induce them not to evaluate all the available products for best utility (Reza Jalilvand and Samiei 2012). In case of the selected two respondents, exact same thing had happen, as James does not even look to cover all the step s at the time of developing purchasing decision. As described by Mihart (2012) customer involvement is another key factor for utilizing purchase decision-making process in an effective manner. It has been assessed high customer involvement always allow to analyze all aspect of a particular product before final purchase. On the other hand, low customer involvement induces customers not to analyze all the brands in an effective manner. Therefore, low involvement in the purchasing decision can create major impact on the overall fulfilment of needs and wants (Godey et al. 2012). Now, from the evaluation of the above two interviews, it can be assessed that Adams exhibits greater involvement in the purchasing decision. On the other hand, James has not focused too much on providing greater importance at the time of purchasing sports equipments. For that reason, James has depicted low involvement purchase that might fails to fulfil the actual objective of purchasing Nike product. The analysis of the interview process of these two respondents has provided two distinct ways through which people purchase products. It can be easily make out that curiousness of Adams of testing all the available brands is likely to fulfil all the needs in an appropriate manner (Wang, Yu and Wei 2012). It also highlighted the fact that Adams purchasing decision involves relatively lesser amount of risk that the purchased decision might not able to fulfil the requirements of the customers. In fact, it is more likely to fulfil all the needs, which eventually induce customers to remain loyal to the particular brand (Rawal 2013). On the other hand, James purchasing decision policy induces greater amount of risks, as it might not be the optimum choice for the customers. It has also established the fact that real life purchasing decision does not necessary happens according the developed model of purchasing decisions. In fact, there are several other factors like urgency of the requireme nts, personal habit, influence from friends and family members and many other external factors can have major impact on the purchasing decision of the people (Bakshi 2012). Recommendation and conclusion: From above discussed interview and literature section, it can be assessed that proper understanding of the customer purchasing decision-making process is required for fulfilling business aims and objectives. However, the study has highlighted the fact that customers can actually develop purchase decision in two complete distinct ways. In case of traditional systematic decision-making process, organizations can actually implement several marketing and product development strategies to keep the customers associated for long timeframe. It also allows customers to select best products available in the market. On the other hand, habituated purchase or lo involvement purchase provide very little opportunity to the organizations to expand its reach in the market even though it is providing products of superior quality with lower price range. Hence, it reflects the fact that organizations can actually create more influence in the traditional purchase decision-making process compared to habit uated purchasing-decision. For that reason, traditional decision-making process had to be recommended for all the consumers at the time of purchasing any particular product. References: Bakshi, S., 2012. Impact of gender on consumer purchase behaviour.Journal of Research in Commerce and Management,1(9), pp.1-8. Godey, B., Pederzoli, D., Aiello, G., Donvito, R., Chan, P., Oh, H., Singh, R., Skorobogatykh, I.I., Tsuchiya, J. and Weitz, B., 2012. Brand and country-of-origin effect on consumers' decision to purchase luxury products.Journal of Business Research,65(10), pp.1461-1470. Hudson, S. and Thal, K., 2013. The impact of social media on the consumer decision process: Implications for tourism marketing.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,30(1-2), pp.156-160. Jang, S., Prasad, A. and Ratchford, B.T., 2012. How consumers use product reviews in the purchase decision process.Marketing letters,23(3), pp.825-838. Karimi, S., 2013. A purchase decision-making process model of online consumers and its influential factora cross sector analysis. Kuvykaite, R., Dovaliene, A. and Navickiene, L., 2015. Impact of package elements on consumers purchase decision.Economics and Management, (14), pp.441-447. Mihart, C., 2012. Impact of integrated marketing communication on consumer behaviour: effects on consumer decisionmaking process.International Journal of Marketing Studies,4(2), p.121. nike.com, 2017. [online] Available at: https://www.nike.com [Accessed 10 Apr. 2017]. Powers, T., Advincula, D., Austin, M.S., Graiko, S. and Snyder, J., 2012. Digital and social media in the purchase decision process.Journal of advertising research,52(4), pp.479-489. Rawal, P., 2013. AIDA Marketing Communication Model: Stimulating a purchase decision in the minds of the consumers through a linear progression of steps.International Journal of Multidisciplinary research in social management sciences,1(1), pp.37-44. Reza Jalilvand, M. and Samiei, N., 2012. The effect of electronic word of mouth on brand image and purchase intention: An empirical study in the automobile industry in Iran.Marketing Intelligence Planning,30(4), pp.460-476. Wang, X., Yu, C. and Wei, Y., 2012. Social media peer communication and impacts on purchase intentions: A consumer socialization framework.Journal of Interactive Marketing,26(4), pp.198-208.

Evaluation of Microprocessor free essay sample

Many of these challenges will involve the need for tringent static control procedures from wafer fabrication facilities all the way through to computer rooms and any space where electronic devices are handled, stored or used. Ted Dangelmayer, a leading authority on ESD, says this rapid advance of technology and the associated design constraints are producing devices with ever increasing sensitivity to ESD. A recent benchmarking study of integrated circuit suppliers indicated that ESD will be one of the top three reliability concerns within the next five years and already is with certain products. Static discharge is certainly not a new phenomenon to the computer industry. For years static has been documented as a significant contributor to serious problems, including computer freeze-ups, loss of data, dropped phone calls and, in the worst cases, head crashes, failures of semiconductors and ultimately shutdowns of mission critical operations involving computer and telephony equipment used in military and health and safety applications. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluation of Microprocessor or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Static problems are particularly acute in hospitals, server rooms, 9-1-1 call centers and flight control towers. And the introduction of the next generation of faster more sensitive components will only elevate these concerns. The combination of the ubiquitous reliance on electronic devices and the increased sensitivity of those devices to static electricity are forcing facilities engineers to reanalyze conventional building materials and design static free environments so static cannot become a problem in the first place. Over the past 20 years ESD awareness has created an entire industry devoted to producing antistatic and conductive versions of commonplace items such as garments, plastic bins, table covering, chairs as well as floor tiles and carpeting. The good news is that it is now possible to locate and install n antistatic version of almost any building, flooring or upholstery material for a static sensitive work space. The bad news is that selecting the right material can be confusing for the novice and sometimes even for the experienced engineer or architect. http://staticcontrol. com http://credencetech. om http://3m. com/electronics ESD For example, choosing the wrong ESD flooring can be as disastrous as having no static protection at all. Understandably, it is much more expensive to remove and reinstall flooring in an occupied building than it was to install the right floor the first time. In many cases, when the wrong floor is installed its because the proper homework was not done up fron t. A substantial amount of confusion results from a general lack of knowledge about static control specifications and standards combined with confusing and/or contradictory data found on the Internet. Because of the massive amount of both reliable as well as unreliable information available on the web, facility designers often make the same common mistakes when selecting static control flooring materials. Here are seven common mistakes in choosing the right static control floor, and how to avoid them. Mistake : Confusion of Static Control Terminology There are a number of terms sellers use to describe static control flooring. Although these terms are often used as if they were synonymous, they are not interchangeable. These terms are sometimes used incorrectly in marketing materials. When terms such as conductive, dissipative, ESD and antistatic are used indiscriminately, buyers and sellers become confused. For example, a conductive floor is not the same thing as a static dissipative floor; each term describes a floor with appreciably different electrical properties. Designating a flooring material as ntistatic does not necessarily mean that that floor can be grounded; many (but not all) antistatic materials (such as low Kv carpet) inhibit static generation but lack the necessary conductivity for actual grounding. These are Just two of the more obvious abuses of technical terms. A fundamental understanding of these terms is absolutely necessary before any specification should be written. Referencing one of the numerous ESD industry glossaries should eliminate most of the confusion regarding simple terminology. In general, most experts agree that conductive flooring offers istinct advantages over static dissipative flooring. This fact should become obvious through a careful reading of the ESD Associations document ANSI/ESD S20. 20, which can be downloaded for free at www. esda. org. S20. 20 recommends a flooring footwear total system resistance of no greater than 35 megohms. This total resistance would be difficult to achieve if the flooring material, by itself, measured in the upper range of static dissipative (a material can measure as high as 1000 megohms and still be characterized as static dissipative). Additionally, if a conductive floor also exhibits ntistatic properties, it will usually meet or exceed almost any static control requirement for body voltage generation. An expanded explanation of these terms can be found in a previously published article in the Conformity archives, Taking the Mystery Out of Selecting Static Control Flooring. 178 Conformity 2007 AnnuAl Some of the more important key terms are: ESD Conductive Static Dissipative Antistatic Ground Triboelectric Series Static Generation Tribocharging ANSI/ESD S20. 20 Resistance Resistance to Ground Walking Body Voltage ANSI/ESD S 7. 1 ANSI/ ESD S 97. 1 ANSI/ESD S 97. Minimum resistance Heel strap Computer Grade flooring IBM Burroughs standard ATCC 134 test Humidity Dependence Therefore, DO familiarize yourself with basic static control terminology and specifications. Mistake #2: Not Understanding Internet Hype The Internet is only as good as the researcher doing the research. Many people assume that, if its published on the web, it must be true. Remember that any individual can publish anything on their own web site, whether the information is correct or not. An objective web site should always present both advantages and disadvantages of the arious flooring solutions. After all, no ESD flooring product is perfect or universally applicable for every application. Watch out for hyperbole and repeated platitudes. Question information that describes products that have infinite conductivity, that offers lifetime performance, or that states that any property will last forever. Beware of any buying sources or companies that do not support claims with objective references to standardized test methods that count, quantify, qualify, differentiate or somehow identify performance parameters by some objective universally accepted cale or longitudinal performance criteria. In short, if a claim seems inconsistent and too good to be true, it probably is. Specifications a re meaningless unless they are derived from respected, reliable, objective sources. Data should be scrutinized and cross-checked. In the case of ESD flooring, tests referencing ESD Association standards should always be available from an independent test lab. The two most important ESD standards for flooring are: ESD STM 97. 1-1999 Floor Materials and Footwear† Resistance Measurement in Combination With a Person. As previously tated, an upper resistance limit of 35 megohms is recommended by the authors of this document. This information should be included on any specification sheet. Stating that the flooring material will meet ANSI/ESD S20. 20 is not an adequate claim. ANSI/ ESD S20. 0 is a process document and not a test standard. ESD STM 97. 2-1999 Floor Materials and Footwear† Voltage Measurement in Combination With a Person. No ESD flooring material should allow the generation of more than 100 volts when tested in conjunction with a human body wearing controlled (conductive) footwear. When evaluating flooring for mission critical pplications, test results should also include testing involving va rious conventional footwear (athletic shoes, work boots, leather shoes etc. ), since most mission critical spaces do not mandate or monitor the type of footwear worn. When evaluating performance data, the results of independent lab reports should always be viewed as more credible than descriptive performance claims printed on sales literature. The same is true for articles or web site editorials that offer opinions and comparisons. When evaluating technical information, look for articles that originally appeared in ass some form of editorial review before they are published. So, DO look for independent test reports and ESD articles published by respected trade Journals or industry associations, including this publication, www. neena. org, and www. esda. org. Mistake #3: Using an Unfamiliar Supplier or Contractor Some buyers believe they can save money or gain technical advantages by hiring an Internet ESD flooring installer. This path is often chosen with the belief that a static control company knows more about flooring installations than a flooring contractor when in fact the opposite is ctually the case. Most general contractors would disagree with hiring an Internet contractor for any number of reasons. Other than simple grounding and the use of conductive adhesives, there is no difference between installing conventional flooring and static control flooring. In this 21st century litigious society, does it actually make sense to use a contractor with no regional office or local representation in the area of the installation? What happens if there are problems after the original Job has been completed? Who will handle ongoing installations and repairs? Very few flooring nstallations are complete after the last tile is placed or the grounding strips are bonded to building steel. Often, tiles are damaged during the moving of equipment and they must be reinstalled. The certification of electrical properties should not be finalized for at least several days after the installation is complete when the floor or adhesive is fully cured. If an out-of-the-area installer is used, who will handle warranty work? And what about insurance? It makes little sense to use a contractor who employs out-of-state workers; in some states it is acceptable for contractors to ire laborers who are not bonded and have no workers compensation insurance. What happens if those workers are injured on the Job? Other states, including West Virginia, California and Arizona, will not permit construction labor by unregistered out-of-state contractors. As with any other scope in construction, it usually makes sense to keep things as local as possible. No cost savings from hiring out-of-town labor could possibly compensate for damages from one accidental liability claim filed by an employee who has fallen because of loose floor tiles. According to the American nsurance industry, slips and falls on flooring cost over ten thousand dollars per claim and cost the insurance industry billions of dollars every year. Often, Internet contractors get hired because confused buyers view ESD flooring installation as some kind of black art. ESD floors are no more difficult to install than ceramic flooring or regular carpet and tile! In many cases, larger electronics companies actually utilize members of their own in-house facilities department for ESD flooring installation. Grounding is simple, new carbon-free conductive adhesives are easy to spread and lean-up is usually done with soap and water. A local contractor is someone who can be relied upon because he or she is interested in obtaining all of their customers flooring business, not Just in a one shot deal involving a few thousand feet of conductive tile. Therefore, DO ask flooring manufacturers for names of local, approved and experienced installers. If they cant confidently recommend one, find a different manufacturer. dont Just settle for mart with; demand GENIUS over 4,000,000 sq. ft. installed and certified, huge worldwide client base such as; Jabil Circuit, Sanmina SC, Nokia and more, specially trained ESD certified engineers, certified flooring installation experts, industry trained and experienced sales staff. ESD Flooring from Concept-to-completion GROUND ZERO ELECTROSTATICS 1 . 877. 463. 9376 1 . 800. 460. 7828 2007 AnnuAl guide Conformity 179 Mistake #4: Failing to Carefully Evaluate Suppliers and Their Warranties Warranties are only as good as the financial backbone of the warrantor (and sometimes their supplier as well). A lifetime warranty will be useless if the supplier is out of business a few years after the floor is installed. What happens if, at that point, the floor begins delaminating or losing conductivity? Although asking for references seems like a good idea, references are only as good as the objectivity and experience level of the company or individual providing the reference. As with evaluating a Job applicant, due diligence could save a lot of money downstream. When evaluating a suppliers integrity, look for the following: Ask if the flooring manufacturer is a GSA contract holder: The GSA requires significant product testing and supplier evaluation before approving a manufacturer. Any reputable flooring manufacturer will list at east some of their products with the 6SA. Ask how many years the supplier has been in business: A supplier with many successful years of service may be more stable than a new business, indicating that their warranty might have some value. Conduct a credit check: A credit check of a prospective supplier through Dun Bradstreet or other credit evaluation source will reveal a suppliers financial status and their years of service. A company with less than a million dollars in sales may have the best price but they may also be a poor choice for the purchase of a product hat could cost two to three times their annual sales, particularly if an operational facility must be shut down if the Job encounters problems. Find out if the supplier can be bonded: Insurance companies will only provide bonds to contractors with solid financial and performance history. The contractors bond rate compared with other contractors will usually reveal hidden information that will not be revealed from a simple reference check. The best insurance against future problems is not a longterm warranty but a detailed evaluation of both the product and the contractor nder consideration. In the case of static control flooring, always request that the electrical testing be done after accelerated life testing from chair caster rolling. Recent research has shown that some ESD flooring products fail electrical testing reference, look for old installations. Most customers are happy when their floor is new it is important to measure satisfaction levels two to three years later. DO thoroughly evaluate your supplier and ask for and get objective test reports from reliable sources such as independent labs and unbiased third party sources. Mistake 5: Failing to Investigate Sub-floor Conditions Often, ESD flooring failures are the direct result of problematic yet correctable site conditions, such as contaminated concrete and moisture vapor drive. In fact, moisture is the single biggest threat to any ESD flooring installation. Concrete and moisture problems are detected easily by pulling core samples and performing ASTM moisture tests. These tests can be arranged by the flooring manufacturer and should be performed in conjunction with a local certified contractor. Often, contaminated slabs can be rectified by double shot-blasting. Moisture problems can be alleviated by installing moisture barriers or by installing an inexpensive moisture-resistant portable sub-floor such as SmartDeck. Before getting a firm price from any flooring contractor the following questions should be answered: What is the condition of the subfloor? Will the floor need to be leveled or patched? Will cracks need to be filled? Is the concrete ready to be used? New (green) concrete takes 90 days to cure. Because of its high water content, adhesives will not adhere to green, hydrated concrete without installing the proper ype of curing compound or base coat. Will the floor need a moisture barrier or a special moisturemitigating curing compound? Both can be expensive. Is there a vapor barrier? According to the Rubber Institute, moisture levels should be no higher than 3 lb per 1000 sq ft per 24 hours. Calcium chloride (CaCl) testing, the standard test used to measure moisture, can give an incomplete picture because moisture varies according to fluctuating environmental conditions and variations in subterranean activities related to water table, drainage, and aquifer. Costs of vapor barriers must be taken into account. Most floors perform poorly or even fail when laid over a subfloor with vapor problems. Perform ASTM-F-1869 Standard Test Method for Measuring Moisture Vapor Rate of Concrete Subfloor Using Anhydrous Calcium Chloride: The maximum allowed transmission rate is 3 pounds per 1000 square feet per 1,000 square feet. Ђ Perform ASTM F-2170 Standard Test Method for Determining Relative Humidity in concrete Floor Slabs Using In Sutu Probes: This will show the relative humidity of the concrete slab over time. The maximum relative humidity should be below 80%. Perform ASTM-D4263 Plastic Sheet Test: This is a isual test that may provide an indication of the presence of mois ture. Regardless of previous experience, DO test and evaluate every sub-floor properly before flooring is installed, and never ignore defects or marginal moisture vapor readings. 80 Conformity 2007 AnnuAl guide Mistake #6: Not Understanding Total Cost of Ownership The initial material and installation costs are only part of the total cost of owning an ESD floor. When evaluating an ESD floor, designers often forget to consider the cost to repair and maintain the floor under consideration. Every floor, whether standard or ESD, nd repair costs can significantly raise the cost of the floor. Vinyl floors are the costliest and most difficult to maintain. Beware of any claims that describe vinyl floors with special factory glazes that never need to be waxed. If there was really such a thing as a no wax, low-maintenance vinyl floor, grocery stores and shopping malls would be buying them. Never needs wax usually means always needs buffing. Regular buffing is Just as costly as waxing. Carpet requires periodic vacuuming and yearly wet or dry extraction. Broadloom carpet is much more difficult to repair and eplace than carpet tile. All carpet is vulnerable to chemical spills and solder spills. Epoxy floors need regular washing and gouges are very difficult to repair and match to existing areas. It is usually difficult to repair epoxy floors in occupied spaces due to the three day process of installation and drying. Epoxies are usually sensitive to ultraviolet exposure. The color will soften and fade in well lit areas. Rubber is not porous so it will not capture dirt, but it still needs occasional scrubbing with a single disc machine or it will become dull. Ђ Certain conductive adhesives dry right away, while others take 24 to 72 hours to fully cure; curing times can impact repairs considerably. It is imperative to know and understand exactly what maintenance people will encounter before purchasing an ESD floor. The way the floor is maintained will directly impact its ability to eliminate static electricity. A good starting point for evaluating the true cost of ownership of any conductive epoxy or ESD tile is ATTs landmark study of 18 different ESD floors (available online at www. staticsmart. com). This exhaustive in-factory evaluation was conducted over a eriod two years by ATT engineers. DO consider the long-term costs of repairing and maintaining your ESD floor. Mistake #7: Specifying the Wrong Product for the Application Every static control flooring application presents some unique challenge. For example, 9-1-1 call centers and FAA flight towers rely heavily on the use of sensitive electronic equipment that is extremely vulnerable to static electricity. A static event could cripple their mission-critical operation, Jeopardizing public safety and security. Designers of these 2417 mission-critical spaces do not hesitate in pecifying some form of static control flooring. Unfortunately, it is easy to select the wrong floor for these applications, particularly in cases where the supplier is unclear about the capabilities and deficiencies of a particular ESD floor. In fact, many static control flooring materials (conductive vinyl, HPL, LAN carpet and computer-grade carpet, for example) are often incorrectly specified for these applications because real world testing has revealed that these materials do not and cannot possibly eliminate static in these types of spaces. Research has demonstrated that certain ypes of rubber and conductive carpet are the best ESD flooring solutions for mission critical spaces, since both rubber and conductive carpet inhibit static generation on moving personnel regardless of footwear. Conclusion Mission-critical applications require flooring that is capable of both grounding static and preventing the accumulation of static in the first place. Because static is an invisible phenomenon, it is impossible to know, until a computer crashes or some other event occurs, that the floor is not working properly to eliminate static. To preemptively solve static problems n a mission-critical environment, the conductive floor must be groundable, antistatic and must also provide some ESD mitigation with or without the use of conductive testing involving both controlled and uncontrolled footwear using ESD STM 97. methodology. DO remember that applications differ in their static-protective requirements. Be sure that the floor you select is the right floor for your application. If youre not sure, ask a static control expert for help. Idiosyncratic and constantly changing requirements of technology businesses challenge the expertise of even the ost capable building professionals. Te chnical ESD specialists should be enlisted to help decipher and explain ESD terminology and Jargon.

Greek Sculpture essays

Greek Sculpture essays TASK: A STRAIGHTFORWARD DISCUSSION PAPER EXAMINING THE REQUIREMENTS FOR A SUCCESSFUL RELATIONSHIP, USING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VIC AND INGRID AS A REFERENCE POINT. Love makes the world go round but what must a successful relationship consist of in order for this incredible love to take place and develop between two people? There are several fundamental ingredients to a successful relationship, the three most important ones being communication, commitment and common interest. The following are also important: honesty, trust and respect. Victors and Ingrid's relationship lacked all of these aspects at one time or another and therefor suffered greatly. A relationship will not thrive with out communication; it is the most important factor. Communication usually stops when the couples relationship becomes more physical rather than intimate. This is what happened with Vic and Ingrid at the start they had a strong physical attraction which later proved to be a constraint to their communication. A good example of this is when Ingrid falls down the stairs and isnt even informed by Ingrid or her mother and Vic finds out from a neighbour who just happened to walk into his store. Vic and Ingrid did talk at the beginning when they were getting to know each other, but that is inevitable. After getting to know the person the communication needs to continue with thoughts, concerns, encouragement, discussions etc. When communication exists in a relationship, any troubles and problems which may intervene can be faced, talked through and sorted out promptly. Whereas if the communication is lacking then the problem will not be raised and will drag on and grow causing arguments and misunderstandings. Mr. Rothwell is one who had the right idea about communication. After he is asked to pass on a message from Vic to Ingrid he replies with Im not carrying any messages, Vic. If you want to say any...

Proposal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Proposal - Research Paper Example special learning strategies, worked out for autistic students and there is almost no researches directed on the study of teacher’s role in the learning process of autistic students. This proposal makes an emphasis on the importance of teacher’s role in the learning process of autistic students and underlines the necessity of an individualistic approach and personal charisma of a teacher. At the same time, there is no a necessity to delimit normal students from students with autism. Their talents and creative potentials are equal. An emphasis on teacher’s positive and patient attitude to autistic students can be explained by a strong motivation occurrence in the learning process. Teacher’s positive attitude stimulates autistic students to work hard and keep pace with their group mates. Another strong point is that teacher’s attitude should be formed with regard to special teaching strategies though not turning into a ‘template teaching’. Therefore a combination of general teaching strategies with special teaching strategies; involvement of creative strategies in the learning process and an active communication of teacher and students are considered as the most appropriate techniques in teaching autistic students. Autism is a disorder in brain, which influences on learning abilities of a student. In accordance with definition provided by APA (2000), autism is characterized by disorders influencing on communicative and social abilities and behavior of a student. A degree of various behaviors in different spheres of activity differs among autistic individuals (Joshi, 2002). Teachers of autistic students should pay attention to development of communicative skills (Rao & Gagic, 2006). Teacher-student communication is often disturbed by social prejudices concerning autistic students. They are often treated by teachers as students with less creative potential, talents etc. In order to change teachers’ attitudes to students with autism, it is relevant to

Relationships and Expectations of Older Hispanic Adults Essay

Relationships and Expectations of Older Hispanic Adults - Essay Example The health expectations of older Hispanic adults tend to diminish with aging, but this is not always realistic. There are also cultural issues that result from the aging process, which affects the healthcare expectations of older Hispanics. Some older Hispanics might even unknowingly assume the stereotypical expectations of old age, and may not even take medications or treatment for serious health conditions. This is because they tend to dismiss the symptoms, which are most treatable and attributing them to being an inevitable part of the aging process. The results of recent studies suggest that mortality rate among older Hispanics are significantly lower than that of non-Hispanic whites, both for men and for women. Cultural factors, expectations, and relationships are critical for the provision of information about healthcare services to older Hispanic adults. Older Hispanics adults might also beliefs deeply rooted in seeking God’s help for their minor health problems, thereb y leading to a situation where they only go to healthcare providers when there is a serious medical problem. Some older Hispanics may also not have a good understanding of the technical terms.The issue of personal touch is very important in the relationship between older Hispanics adults and their health care providers. It is imperative that older Hispanics endeavor to share their feelings with their doctors, in order to ensure that these older Hispanics get a feeling of actually being listened to and cared for.

Concept Analysis Pain In The Oncology Patient Nursing Essay

Concept Analysis Pain In The Oncology Patient Nursing Essay Are you having any pain. These are most likely the first words from a registered nurse to an oncology patient. Pain is a concept that creates many challenges for medical professionals. In a review of patients with cancer, pain was reported in 33% of patients after treatment to cure cancer, 59% of patients given anti-cancer treatment with the aim of either curative or palliative treatment, 64% of patients having advanced, metastatic or terminal cancer and 53% of patients with all stages of the disease (Chapman, 2012a). Pain management is a common reason an oncology patient is admitted as an inpatient to a hospital. Nurses are at the forefront of assessing and managing pain to achieve adequate therapy. However, in order to reach this outcome, nurses need to understand the types and causes of pain, assessment tools, non-pharmacological treatment and action of pain medications (Casey, 2011). Nursing staff and other medical professionals need to act as patient advocates when dealing with pain so that symptoms can be managed. Nevertheless, within the healthcare system, the prevalence of pain is increasing and pain is a complex issue that is not always well understood or managed by healthcare professionals and patients (Shaw, 2006). Issues with Pain Nurses are constantly faced with managing pain and need to develop skills to identify when pain is not adequately controlled in order to make recommendations to alleviate a patients pain. Unfortunately, there are many times when both nurses and physicians are not well educated in pain management and are not successful in decreasing an individuals pain level. Regardless of the variety of treatment options, cancer pain is not always effectively managed due to several barriers that include poor assessment, insufficient knowledge about pain and treatment and specific concerns about dependence, tolerance, addiction and drug-related side effects (Chapman, 2012b). In addition, many medical professionals hold inappropriate beliefs and attitudes toward pain management, which can affect providing pain relief for patients (Naylor, 2003). Some practitioners are fearful of prescribing or administering pain medications at a high level that might be required due to a patients tolerance. This create s many challenges in providing adequate pain control for patients that are able to verbalize their pain, as well as those patients who are not able to verbally express their pain levels. Significance in Nursing Pain is a significant concept in oncology nursing. Physicians and nurses working with this population need to be experts in pain management. It is critical for medical professionals to understand the different types of pain that oncology patients can experience. There are several pain management treatments available and not every medication will work effectively for a patient. It is important for nurses to recognize differences so that patients can be effectively managed. When pain is not adequately controlled, patients can become withdrawn and unable to focus on important aspects of their quality of life including activities of daily living and sexual and social relationships (Chapman, 2012a). In addition, mood, sleep patterns, cognition and existential beliefs can be affected (Chapman, 2012a). There are several types of pain that an oncology patient can experience. The most common types of pain are chronic pain, acute pain and breakthrough pain. Chronic pain is a constant pain. Acute pain can last anywhere from a few days to a few months and typically resolves when the underlying condition is treated (Chapman, 2012). Breakthrough pain happens briefly with moderate-to-severe flare-ups that occur even when a patient is taking long acting pain medication to address their chronic pain (Kedziera, 1998). Understanding these types of pain is pivotal to determine medications to be prescribed and implement non-pharmacological therapies. When medical staff understands the causes and types of cancer pain, they can individualize pain management strategies in order to improve the quality of patient care as well as provide sufficient pain relief (Chapman, 2012a). Oncology patients pain can be caused by several factors. Pain can be caused by tumors, surgery, chemotherapy and radiation which can affect different parts of the human body (Chapman, 2012a). When staff is knowledgeable about disease processes and treatments, medical professionals can prescribe medications to address specific pain. Nurses must assess an individuals pain management regimen at home so that dosing can be adjusted when admitted to the hospital. Nurses must be diligent in comparing prescribed medications to home medications. There have been instances when physicians will fail to order a long acting pain medication that a patient might take at home that can result in inadequate relief. Pain Assessment Assessing an individuals pain is a key component in achieving pain management. Nurses need to evaluate a patents pain when considering pain therapy and the nurse needs to focus on the following factors: (1) consistency in pain control, (2) taking action in response to an individuals pain assessment, (3) maximize effectiveness of medications while reducing side effects and (4) avoid gaps in pain control (Casey, 2011). Physicians do not spend as much face-time with patients as nurses, therefore, nurses have the responsibility to understand a patients pain and verbalize to the physician to achieve adequate pain control. An accurate and detailed assessment can provide guidance in creating an individualized treatment plan (Naylor, 2003). Each persons pain is going to be different and it is important to utilize assessment tools to implement the most effective pain management plan. When determining ways to manage pain based on the assessment, nurses need to not only focus on the physical as pects but also include pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments to reach optimal comfort (Naylor, 2003). Education and training on different types of pain assessment tools and scales that are utilized in practice is essential to effectively manage pain levels of each patient. Without the ability to adequately assess a patients pain, there will be profound negative effects on comfort levels and the ability to meet health goals. Nurses have a pivotal role in addressing pain in oncology patients. It is essential for nurses to realize that managing pain goes beyond administering medication and that utilizing a holistic nursing care approach can allow a nurse to better understand a patients individual pain. Pain responses can be affected by psychological, social and cultural influences, such as anxiety, anger and fear that may enhance an individuals perception of pain (Naylor, 2003). In addition, cultural beliefs, upbringing and social situations may be the reason for certain expressions of pain (Naylor, 2003). Nurses need to be vigilant in recognizing factors that affect a patients pain and the meaning that an individual attaches to pain (Chapman, 2012a). A nurses role goes beyond completing tasks on a checklist but having the ability to connect with their patients to identify root causes of pain. It has been found that in order to reach a goal of effective symptom management, the multidisciplinary team must c reate a positive therapeutic relationship with the patient (Chapman, 2012a). Many times a patient is looking for the opportunity to express themselves and nurses have the ability to provide an environment that allows patients to open-up and verbalize their feelings. Changes to Nursing Practice The concept analysis has brought heightened awareness to the idea of pain. When assessing pain, there are many factors to be considered as addressed in the concept analysis. The analysis opened a door to look beyond what medical practitioners physically assess but also the importance of listening and understand the patient. The nurse must reflect on experiences he/she has with patients to improve their ability to effectively manage pain. Nurses need to realize that in order to implement appropriate nursing activities to meet a patients pain needs requires an ongoing learning process to truly understand the concept of pain (Cheng, 2003). Nurses have the ability to manage pain by getting to know their patients to be able to implement change. Nurses need to work on their listening skills so that patients feel that they can openly express their feeling and concerns. This allows the nurse to help guide the patient to becoming involved in his/her care. It is clear that when pain is not ade quately controlled it can have negative consequences on not only the patient but the entire family unit. Anticipated Outcomes Through the use of reflecting, provides the opportunity to anticipate outcomes and create successes in managing pain. One tool to achieve effective pain management and evaluate strategies is by conducting pain assessments (Naylor, 2003). Through these assessments, a nurse can identify physical effects of pain and understand both location and intensity. To know if a nurse is successful, the nurse will see a change in level of reported pain or physical attributes that a patient might exhibit. By changing current practice methods, nurses will be able to create an environment where patients will verbally express feelings which will be a sign of progress in better meeting patient needs. In addition, through these encounters nurses will be able to identify their patients use of coping mechanisms to address pain. Nurses can also see success when utilizing a holistic nursing approach by looking beyond everyday tasks and viewing the patient as a human being. As nurses identify factors that af fect pain management, they will be able to better meet patient needs. Nurses will have the education and skills to recognize and alleviate pain before it occurs by utilizing pain management interventions, methods and medications. Concept Analysis The analysis has relevance to understanding the concept of pain, while also isolating it from other concepts. The concept analysis regarding pain was intended to increase awareness and understanding pain by clarifying the defining attributes of pain, identifying antecedents that affect the perception of pain and the possible consequences of pain (Cheng, 2003). It is clear that pain is a concept that is not always well understood and requires analysis that others can become more conscious and responsive to addressing patients pain needs. The model case discussed pain using a scenario regarding an oncology patient. The model case included all the defining attributes: (a) unpleasant and distressful experiences originating from physical sensation and having both positive and negative meanings for an individual; (b) an individual human experience; (c) a state of feeling in both sensation and emotion (verbal), and behavioral components; (d) physical and psychological responses to the stimulus; (e) function of pain, including protective and warning signs; (f) pain responses and learned and influenced by personality, environment, emotions, social and cultural (Cheng, 2003). This example supported the concept of pain and clearly stated the characteristics of the case to addressing all the points regarding the concept of pain. Due to each patients individuality, personal experiences and views, there are several types of scenarios that could have been utilized as a model case. The model case creates awareness for nurses of all the factors to consider when understanding a patients pain. Nurses have to be able to use the skills to visually assess and listen to patients while understanding a patients history and the events that have taken place to bring the patient to the point of the pain that they are reporting. Understanding a patients culture and individual beliefs can provide insight regarding a patients response and expression of pain. Nurses need to be aware of potential patterns in certain cultural groups, however, nurses should not over generalize or stereotype that everyone within a culture will behave in the same manner (Davidhizar, 1997). This emphasizes the complexities when assessing and understanding a patients pain, and nurses need to go beyond the basic assessment tools and understand the individual to achieve effective pain control. The use of a borderline case and contrary case were used to distinguish the concept of pain from the model case (Cheng, 2003). The cases are important in differentiating the concept of pain from other closely related concepts, as seen in the additional cases. The borderline case did not meet all the elements of the model case and the contrary case addressed the concept of fear related to pain (Cheng, 2003). These cases enhance the model case and allow the reader to see alternate examples of situations that may arise in a clinical setting. Conclusion Pain is a universal part of the human experience and will continue to be an integral part of providing nursing care (Shaw, 2006). Pain is a complex concept that does not have one specific answer to meet all patient needs. Pain management requires assessment skills, knowledge and a holistic approach to nursing care to be successful at eliminating or effectively controlling pain in oncology patients. Nurses have both technical and moral tasks in the management of pain because they are the ones conducting assessments, administering pain medications and evaluating effectiveness, as well as, determining which pain relief measures and interventions are provided to patients (Shaw, 2006). Nurses need to continue to expand their knowledge base and be aware of their own values and beliefs in order to be successful in managing the dynamics and complexities of pain.

Victimless Crime

Victimless crime is a term that is used to refer or to explain the behavior that is illegal but does not violate or threaten the rights of anyone else. It means that one person may be involved who is the person committing the crime on his own without affecting anyone else in the process. It can also include acts in which two or more persons agree to commit a criminal offense in which no other person is involved. Sometimes in situations of victimless crimes society has grown to call these events consensual crimes. One good common example that describes victimless crimes could be considered prostitution. Prostitution is described as offering sexual favors in exchange for money and is considered a crime in many places. Both the solicitor which is the person asking for the favor or the offering, and the prostitute can be arrested for violating public decency laws. If both people involved are deemed to have committed the illegal act consensually or willingly, then neither person may be considered victims in the eyes of the law and police officials. â€Å"While prostitution may contribute to other domestic problems or personal vices, the act itself, if entered into consensually, is usually considered a victimless crime† (Liberal Democrat Party). Victimless crimes are not always so weighty or so bad in the sense that it has to be as punishable but still breaks the law. Some examples of low level victimless activities or crimes on the states eyes that may be criminalized could simply include riding a motorcycle without a helmet. In some states, for example Florida it is not illegal to do, but as for the California it is against the law to ride a motorcycle without a helmet and the person will be cited for the act. Even tho that person is not harming or endangering anyone else but his own self the law still holds it as a crime in which breaks the law. Same as Mexico, it is legal to ride in the back of a truck without seat belts or other safety harnesses but here in California it is illegal. Another example is base jumping off of buildings. this is no harm to society or anyone else but the jumpers own life. a very common example of victimless crimes which could be punished by fines or even incarceration is the individual buy and consumption of recreational drugs. Here in the United States it is against the law to smoke marijuana and yet so many people still seem to do it. The law prohibits people from doing the act even though its being consumed by the individual himself, the individual is only harming his own body but the law sees it as a violation of the constitution and its law. â€Å"The idea of a victimless crime often plays a role in the proposed repeal of certain laws, especially the criminalization of drugs, prostitution and other vices† (Halexandria). The argument that has been presented by civil libertarians is that such laws only serve to punish citizens for personal lifestyle decisions in which none of these acts violate the legal rights of others. A citizen should be allowed to buy and smoke marijuana legally because its that persons private consumption in a private home and it does not affect anyone else. Decriminalizing certain victimless crimes would reduce the prison population and take significant pressure off an overworked judicial system (Liberal Democrat Party).

Marx and Locke

Miriam D. Knox Dr. Soupios Political Science 304 April 6, 2010 Karl Marx’s and John Locke’s Ideologies The Communist Manifesto, written by Karl Marx and Fredrich Engels and The Second Treatise of Government written by John Locke are two distinct written pieces that describes their ideas and their philosophical beliefs regarding how society would function at its best. Moreover, both writers offer a detailed explanation about the many struggles that man has encountered regarding his existence in the world. In addition, they suggested political concepts whereby they felt it would help man to bring about socialization that would allow man to live a fair and qualitative life. In The Communist Manifesto, Marx uses a large portion of the book to give a historical perspective of society. He emphasizes from the very beginning that most of mans history has been based on economic pursuits and economic gains. As a result, he says that â€Å"all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles† (50). Throughout history, social change occurred when the productive forces in society clashed with the conditions of production, resulting in massive social upheaval. This was always to the benefit of one social class at the expense of another. Modern society was the result of a long series of revolutions in the modes of production, of which the bourgeois class was the main beneficiary. Marx wrote in the Communist Manifesto, â€Å"Society as a whole is more and more splitting up into two great hostile camps, into two great classes directly facing each other: bourgeoisie and proletariat †(51 ). The bourgeoisie, or capitalist class, consists of the relatively small number of people who owned or controlled the means of creating wealth including land and raw materials; mines, factories, and offices; machinery and technology and who could employ wage laborers to work for them. Proletarians perform most of the work in capitalist economies, but they had little or no control over their work-lives or over the wealth that they produced. The relationship between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat is an exploitative one because the latter is paid less than the value that its labor creates, with the surplus of economic profits being kept by the bourgeoisie. While wages may rise if workers are well organized and during periods of economic growth, competition between capitalists compels employers to reduce labor costs as much as possible, particularly during recurring periods of capitalist economic crisis. Historically, the bourgeoisie had played a quite revolutionary role. Whenever it has gained power, it has put to an end all â€Å"feudal, patriarchal, idyllic relations. â€Å"(53). It has eliminated the relationships that bound people to their superiors, and now all remaining relations between men were characterized by self-interest alone (53). In addition, religious fervor, chivalry and sentimentalism had all been sacrificed. Personal worth is now measured by exchange value, and the only freedom is that of Free Trade. Thus, exploitation that used to be veiled by religious and political â€Å"illusions† is now direct, brutal and blatant (53). The bourgeoisie has changed all occupations into wage-laboring professions, even those that were previously honored, such as that of the doctor. Similarly, family relations have lost their veil of sentimentality and have been reduced to pure money relations (53). Marx continues to describe that the bourgeoisie had only one thing in mind, and that was how to increase their economic status. Subsequently concerns and issues regarding mans overall well being was ignored and had no significance within society. The bourgeoisie made it clear that they were only concerned with increasing their political power. Furthermore, human conditions or any means of making humanity better was never considered nor important. In fact, Marx emphatically reminds us that money and political power was the bourgeoisies’ primary interest. The Manifesto then discusses the relationship of the Communists to the proletarians. Marx says that Communists have been â€Å"reproached† for desiring to abolish the â€Å"right† of acquiring private property through the fruits of one's labor (67). However, he points out, laborers do not acquire any property through their labor. Rather, the â€Å"property† or capital they produce serves to exploit them. This property, controlled by the bourgeoisie, represents a social power and not a personal power. Changing it into common property does not abolish property as a right, but merely changes its social character, by eliminating its class character. Marx also points out that the â€Å"[The bourgeoisie] is unfit to rule because it is incompetent to assure an existence to its slave within his slavery, because it cannot help letting him sink into such a state, that it has to feed him, instead of being fed by him. Society can no longer live under this bourgeoisie, in other words, its existence is no longer compatible with society† (65). The bourgeoisie wanted man to exist in a subservient state of mind and wanted man to accept the exploitative lifestyle they were providing for their daily existence. Moreover, â€Å"What the bourgeoisie, therefore, produces, above all, is its own grave-diggers. Its fall and the victory of the proletariat are equally inevitable† (65). Marx reminds us that it was impossible for man to continue to work and survive in such limited and harsh conditions successfully. If man continued to live like this it would lead to severe suppression and eventually to mans own demise. Therefore, Marx stresses in order for the proletariat to survive, they must revolt against the bourgeoisie. Marx states, â€Å"The immediate aim of the Communists is the same as that of all the other proletariat parties: formation of the proletariat into a class, the overthrow of the bourgeois supremacy, conquest of political power by the proletariat† (66). Marx understood that the proletarians had to revolt in order to experience freedom from their enslaved environment and develop a communistic society. According to Marx, † the theory of the Communists may be summed up in the single sentence: Abolition of private property† (67). Marx felt in order for the proletarians to escape the bondage they were encountering and to establish a Communist society this theory had to be implemented. This theory was not an option, but in fact a necessity for the proletarians to develop a communistic society. Marx ends Communist Manifesto in stating â€Å"Let the ruling classes tremble at a communist revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. Working men of all countries unite! (91). Marx strongly felt that man united throughout the universe and living in a Communist society would offer man the opportunity to live with the prospect of both justice and a qualitative lifestyle while living in the world. He new this type of revolution would make the bourgeoisie fall and crumble. The Second Treatise of Government written by John Locke places sovereignty into the hands of the people. Locke's fundamental argument is that people are equal and invested with natural rights in a state of nature in which they live free from outside rule. Locke addresses the state of nature in order to define political power. In Chapter 2, Locke explains the state of nature as a state of equality in which no one has power over another, and all are free to do as they please(4). He notes, however, that this liberty does not equal the license to abuse others, and that natural law exists even in the state of nature. Each individual in the state of nature has the power to execute natural laws, which are universal (5). Locke's theory includes a host of moral beliefs and moral practices. Moreover, Locke points out and wants us to understand that the state of nature derives from a theory of justice and from a set of rights. No one would have any â€Å"rights† at all in the absence of a moral code applicable to human actions or any standard of â€Å"just† punishment. One topic that Marx and Locke had different views points on was whether private property was a natural right or not. John Locke believed that private property was a natural right, in fact he believed owning property was one of the most important possessions that mankind should seek and obtain. Locke emphasized that all men have the right to â€Å"life, liberty and possessions â€Å"(5). One of man’s best attributes as well as his down fall is having freewill, whereby man has the option in making a good or bad choice regarding his actions. Keeping this in mind, Locke realizes the importance of establishing clear and precise rules for man to abide by. Locke emphasizes that, in any civil society, situations will arise that have to be dealt with before the legislative can be assembled to provide laws for them. In these instances, the executive may exercise executive prerogative or simply â€Å"good judgment† (95). The executive is qualified to take actions that are outside the framework of the laws (not breaking them, just not provided for by them), if their actions advance the society's best interest. He defines this prerogative as â€Å"nothing but the power of doing public good without rule†(95). Overall Locke believed this rule of thumb avoided chaos and would provide peace and order. Ultimately this thought process was for man’s overall good and for his general welfare. Locke defines tyranny as â€Å"the exercise of power beyond right† (112). A just leader is bound by the laws of the legislative and works for the people, whereas a tyrant breaks the laws and acts on his own behalf. Locke notes that any executive body is not just a monarchy, but in fact ceases to function for the benefit of the people are a tyranny. Locke implies when the government is dissolved, the people are free to reform the legislative in order to recreate a civil state that works in their best interest before they fall under tyrannical rule. In addition, He expressed the radical view that government is morally obliged to serve people, namely by protecting life, liberty, and property. He explained the principle of checks and balances to limit government power. He favored representative government and a rule of law. However he denounced tyranny. He insisted that when government violates individual rights, people may legitimately rebel (126). Overall Locke believed that men were, by nature, born free and independent, meaning every person was a law unto themselves. That meant that they couldn't be subjected to political power without their own consent. Since every individual had consented being part of the community, they had the power, and the will to act as a whole. By consenting to being in a community, man is obliged to be a part of it, and to support whatever the general will is, for his fellow citizens. Hence, Locke was asserting that government had to be fair and equitable towards all its citizens. In addition, Locke believed it was crucial for citizens had the right to revolt if government was not meeting their needs. Marx and Locke were aligned along these terms although the ideas of Karl Marx did not have the same implicit trust in the inherent â€Å"good† of government that Locke had. According to Marx, government was not an entity through which change could be brought about. Rather, for change to happen and for the class struggles to be resolved it was necessary for the people to rise up and bring about the necessary adjustments to society. Works Cited Locke, John. The Second Treatise of Government. 1997 Prentice Hall Engels, Friedrich & Marx, Karl. The Communist Manifesto. 1998 Signet Classics

Impact of Celebrity Endorsement on Consumer Buying...

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